Gap between teeth – diastema
Gap Between Teeth, Known as Diastema Mediana, most commonly appears between the upper or, less frequently, the lower incisors. While common in baby teeth, diastema in permanent teeth can be an esthetic and functional problem.
The types of diastema are parallel, divergent, and convergent. In most cases, the gap closes with the eruption of lateral incisors and canines.
Causes of Gaps Between Teeth
The most common causes of diastema include hereditary factors, a fibrous labial frenulum, lack of incisor buds, tooth fusion, bad habits (e.g., thumb sucking), macroglossia (large tongue), trauma, and cysts in the incisor area.
Gaps Between Teeth in Children
Throughout history, people have had different views on beauty. For instance, in Nigeria and England, gaps between children’s teeth are considered highly attractive, while in France, this is known as “dents du bonheur,” meaning “lucky teeth.” In the past, it was believed that gaps between children’s teeth brought good luck and, for girls, ensured a good marriage. Today, beautiful and healthy teeth are essential, and gaps are no longer considered desirable.
A proper arrangement of teeth in children not only provides an attractive facial appearance but is also essential for chewing and proper speech. When pronouncing high-frequency sounds (s, sh, or c), air passes through the gap, amplifying noise. This can significantly affect a child’s self-confidence.
It is important to note that in primary dentition, gaps between incisors, and even between all teeth, are considered physiological. This indicates sufficient space for permanent teeth to erupt and align correctly.
Gaps Between Teeth – Treatment
Modern orthodontic appliances and treatment techniques, along with high-quality dental materials, have made it easy to correct gaps between children’s teeth. Correcting diastema falls within the field of jaw orthopedics or orthodontics.
Depending on the cause of the gap, the size of the space, and the position of the teeth, a treatment method is chosen. The most common approach involves removable orthodontic appliances. These are worn until all permanent teeth have erupted, including the molars, after which fixed braces are used.
If the gap is caused by a hypertrophic upper lip frenulum, it can be treated with a frenectomy. This is a minor surgical procedure in which the frenulum is completely removed. The procedure is performed under local anesthesia, and stitches are removed after seven days. Another option is laser therapy, which results in less bleeding and faster wound healing.
Gaps Between Teeth – Ideal Time for Intervention
The ideal time for diastema correction is between 10 and 15 years old, when all permanent teeth have erupted.
Gaps Between Teeth in Adults
The ideal relationship between the upper and lower teeth in a closed state is when the upper teeth overlap the lower, and the cusps of the molars alternate. Unfortunately, few people have perfect teeth and a perfect bite. Most dental alignment and bite issues can be corrected with appropriate therapy.
The cause of diastema is mainly genetic, so there is little that can be done to prevent it. There are numerous treatment options available to close the gap.
The best way to correct the gap is by moving the teeth into the optimal position with orthodontic appliances. Another option is prosthetic intervention, such as veneers or crowns.
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